HostPapa vs. HostArmada (2026): Der Sechs-Jahres-Gesetzentwurf ist identisch - DEUTSCH
HostArmada's entry plan costs USD 1.99/month. HostPapa's costs USD 2.95/month. Lassen Sie beides über einen Zeitraum von sechs Jahren laufen (zwei volle dreijährige Amtszeiten, Promo, dann Erneuerung) und sie landen auf genau derselben Nummer: US Dollar 429.84. Nicht annähernd gleich. Das gleiche, to the cent. Google's real-user speed data puts them level too, beim 1.70 seconds each. So the promo price everyone compares is the one thing that tells you nothing.
Schnelle Antwort: HostArmada is the better shared hosting buy for most people. Unlimited sites from USD 3.29/month, a 45-day refund, and data centers in Mumbai, Singapore and Sydney that HostPapa simply doesn't have. Go with HostPapa if you want a managed VPS, telefonischer Support, or Toronto hosting for Canadian data residency. Its managed VPS gives you more cores per dollar and a 30-day refund against HostArmada's 7. Both hide the advertised price behind a 36-Monat im Voraus bezahlen.
Springe zu: The Six-Year Bill | Geschwindigkeit | What the Entry Plan Gives You | VPS | Daten Center | Unterstützung, Refunds and the Investigation | Who Owns What | Four Buyer Mistakes | So wählen Sie aus | FAQ
Zuletzt überprüft: Juli 2026. Prices verified against hostpapa.com and hostarmada.com on 2026-07-13.
What We Checked, and What We Couldn't
Promo prices are marketing. We built this comparison around the number that actually leaves your bank account: cost across two full contract terms, Eintritt plus Verlängerung. Both figures come from the providers' own published renewal pages, checked on 13 Juli 2026. Everything else was weighted for someone choosing between exactly these two. That means resources per dollar, Rückerstattungsfenster, Nähe zum Rechenzentrum, and what happens to your bill in year four.
We didn't run load tests, and we won't pretend otherwise. Speed here comes from the Chrome User Experience Report, Google's field dataset of real visitors on real sites. The May 2026 sample covers 3,165 HostPapa sites and 934 HostArmada sites. That method has a limit we should state plainly. CrUX measures the whole site, not the server in isolation, so a bloated theme drags a host's number down through no fault of the host. Read it as "what customers of each host actually experience," not a clean benchmark.
We also threw out the single-site "lab tests" that affiliate reviews run. One test install on one server isn't independent monitoring, and it tells you nothing about the server you'd actually land on.
Vollständiger Funktionsvergleich
HostPapa
1. HostPapa
2.6k+
Positiv
| Raum | Bandbreite | Panel | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 GB | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $2.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| 100 GB | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $5.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| 100 GB | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $6.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| Unbegrenzt | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $12.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| Unbegrenzt | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $14.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| Raum | Zentralprozessor | RAM | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 GB | 4 Kerne | 2 GB | $19.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 125 GB | 4 Kerne | 4 GB | $59.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 250 GB | 8 Kerne | 8 GB | $109.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 500 GB | 8 Kerne | 16 GB | $169.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 1 TB | 12 Kerne | 32 GB | $249.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| Raum | Bandbreite | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 GB | Unbegrenzt | $3.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| Unbegrenzt | Unbegrenzt | $10.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| Unbegrenzt | Unbegrenzt | $20.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| Unbegrenzt | Unbegrenzt | $40.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| Raum | Bandbreite | Panel | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 GB | 512 GB | cPanel | $31.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 100 GB | 1 TB | cPanel | $41.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 150 GB | 1.5 TB | cPanel | $66.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 200 GB | 2 TB | cPanel | $91.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| 250 GB | 2.5 TB | cPanel | $121.99 | Plan anzeigen |
| Garantie | Preis |
|---|
| Raum | Zentralprozessor | Garantie | Preis |
|---|
HostArmada
1. HostArmada
1.1k+
Positiv
| Raum | Bandbreite | Panel | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 GB | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $1.49 | Plan anzeigen |
| 30 GB | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $2.47 | Plan anzeigen |
| 40 GB | Unbegrenzt | cPanel | $2.96 | Plan anzeigen |
| Zentralprozessor | Preis | Raum | RAM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 GB | 2 Kerne | 2 GB | $2.49 | Plan anzeigen |
| 50 GB | 1 x 2,2 GHz | 2 GB | $29.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| 80 GB | 2 x 2,2 GHz | 4 GB | $35.73 | Plan anzeigen |
| 160 GB | 4 x 2,2 GHz | 8 GB | $46.73 | Plan anzeigen |
| 320 GB | 6 x 2,2 GHz | 16 GB | $74.23 | Plan anzeigen |
| Raum | Zentralprozessor | RAM | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 160 GB | 4 x 2,2 GHz | 8 GB | $81.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| 320 GB | 8 x 2,2 GHz | 16 GB | $114.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| 640 GB | 16 x 2,2 GHz | 32 GB | $180.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| Zentralprozessor | Bandbreite | Preis | Raum | RAM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 GB | 2 Kerne | 2 GB | Unbegrenzt | $2.49 | Plan anzeigen |
| Raum | Bandbreite | Panel | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 GB | 3 TB | cPanel | $21.00 | Plan anzeigen |
| 80 GB | 6 TB | cPanel | $28.02 | Plan anzeigen |
| 110 GB | 9 TB | cPanel | $35.03 | Plan anzeigen |
| 200 GB | 12 TB | cPanel | $53.96 | Plan anzeigen |
| Garantie | Preis |
|---|
| Raum | Bandbreite | Panel | Garantie | Preis |
|---|
| Raum | RAM | Bandbreite | Garantie | Preis |
|---|
| Bandbreite | Garantie | Preis |
|---|
| Raum | Zentralprozessor | RAM | Panel | Garantie | Preis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 GB | 1 Ader | 2 GB | cPanel | $2.20 | $29.95 | Plan anzeigen |
| 80 GB | 2 Kerne | 4 GB | cPanel | $2.20 | $35.73 | Plan anzeigen |
| 160 GB | 4 Kerne | 8 GB | cPanel | $2.20 | $46.73 | Plan anzeigen |
| Raum | Zentralprozessor | RAM | Garantie | Preis |
|---|
| Zentralprozessor | Bandbreite | Garantie | Preis | RAM |
|---|
Gesamtpunktzahl
HostPapaBewertungsergebnis
Kundendienst
HostArmadaBewertungsergebnis
Kundendienst
The Six-Year Bill: Identical to the Cent
Here's the symmetry that no comparison page seems to have noticed. HostArmada Start Dock is USD 1.99/month against HostPapa Essentials at USD 2.95. That's USD 0.96/month cheaper. At renewal it flips: Start Dock goes to USD 9.95 against Essentials at USD 8.99 on the same three-year term. HostArmada is now USD 0.96/month Mehr teuer. Same gap, opposite direction.
Multiply it out. Zuerst 36 Monate: USD auf HostArma 71.64, HostPapa USD 106.20. Zweite 36 Monate: USD auf HostArma 358.20, HostPapa USD 323.64. Six-year total for both: US Dollar 429.84 exactly. You aren't choosing a cheaper host. You're choosing whether to pay less now or less later.
The multipliers underneath differ sharply, obwohl. HostArmada renews every shared tier at precisely 5.00x the promo rate. Dock starten 1.99 zu 9.95, Web Warp 3.29 zu 16.45, Speed-Reaper 3.95 zu 19.75. Drei Ebenen, one policy, no tapering. HostPapa's entry tier renews at 3.05x, and that number only holds if you renew on another three-year term. Renew yearly instead and Essentials costs USD 10.99/month, ein 3.73x multiplier. Renew monthly and it's USD 12.99.
Now the part that matters more than the tie. Dieser USD 429.84 dead heat happens at the entry tier and nowhere else. Run the same six-year sum across every plan and HostPapa loses ground the moment you need a second website:
- Eintrag, eine Seite: HostPapa Essentials USD 429.84 against HostArmada Start Dock USD 429.84. Identical.
- Five sites vs unlimited: HostPapa Growth USD 717.84 (5 Websites, 100 GB) against HostArmada Web Warp USD 710.64 (Unbegrenzte Websites, 30 GB).
- Unbegrenzte Anzahl von Websites: HostPapa Premium USD 969.84 against Web Warp USD 710.64. HostArmada saves you US Dollar 259.20.
- Spitzenklasse: HostPapa Elite USD 1,365.84 against HostArmada Speed Reaper USD 853.20. HostArmada saves US Dollar 512.64.
So the tie is real, and it's also the only tier where HostPapa keeps up. One site and you're choosing on features, because the money is the same. Two sites and HostArmada is the cheaper host for as long as you stay.
Watch the top of that ladder, obwohl, because the tiers aren't like for like. HostPapa Elite buys unmetered storage. Speed Reaper caps you at 40 GB, and HostPapa Premium hands you 200 GB where Speed Reaper gives 40, five times as much. HostArmada answers with LiteSpeed and six guaranteed CPU cores. Pick your currency: disk or compute.
Credit where it's due on transparency. HostPapa publishes a renewal rate for every contract length. You can see the USD 8.99 three-year rate sitting next to the USD 10.99 one-year rate before you buy. HostArmada publishes a single renewal figure. That matters, because renewing yearly instead costs 22% more per month at HostPapa, and nothing at checkout says so.
Geschwindigkeit: Real Users See No Difference
Every review site will tell you HostArmada is the fast one. LiteSpeed, NVMe, cloud architecture, a lab test showing 209 Frau. Then you look at what actual visitors get.
TTFB (Zeit bis zum ersten Byte) measures how long a server takes to send the first byte of a page. Google's CrUX field data for May 2026 puts it at 1.70 seconds for both hosts. HostPapa: 52.6% of its 3,165 sites land in the "gut" band under 800 Frau, 24.0% im "poor." HostArmada: 50.9% good across 934 Websites, 24.2% poor. HostPapa is fractionally ahead on both measures, from a sample more than three times larger.
Does that make HostPapa faster? Nein. It makes the speed question close to irrelevant between these two, which is a more useful thing to know. The gap that matters isn't between the hosts, it's between a lean WordPress install and a plugin-stuffed one, and that gap is yours to close.
Uptime is a wash as well. Both promise 99.9%, which sounds impressive until you do the division. It permits almost nine hours of downtime a year, and it's the industry floor rather than a distinction. Neither runs public monitoring you can audit, so treat both numbers as a promise, not a record.
Where the hardware does bite is LiteSpeed, and HostArmada gates it. Start Dock and Web Warp run Nginx. Nur Speed Reaper gets LiteSpeed, and that's the tier at USD 3.95 Verlängerung bei USD 19.75. If you're buying HostArmada's cheap plan because you read that it runs LSCache, you're buying the wrong plan. HostPapa doesn't publish its web server software at all, which we'd rather they did.
What the Entry Plan Actually Gives You
Both entry plans cap you at one website. After that they diverge in an interesting way.
HostPapa Essentials (US Dollar 2.95, erneuert USD 8.99):
- 25 GB NVMe Lager, 67% more than HostArmada's entry tier
- 1 Webseite, 2 E-mail Konten
- Free domain for a year, freie Migration, Imunify360-Sicherheit
- No published RAM or CPU allocation
HostArmada-Startdock (US Dollar 1.99, erneuert USD 9.95):
- 15 GB NVMe Lager
- 1 Webseite, aber 2 GB RAM und 2 Kerne guaranteed in writing
- Free domain for a year, kostenloses Cloudflare CDN, Imunify360, tägliche Backups
- Nginx, nicht LiteSpeed
- 45-day refund window against HostPapa's 30
So HostPapa sells you disk and HostArmada sells you compute. Two email accounts on Essentials is stingy, und der 25 GB cap is tight the moment you have a media library. One thing older reviews get wrong: HostPapa has killed unlimited storage on its lower tiers. Das "unbegrenzt" you may remember now exists only on Elite at USD 9.95.
HostArmada's counter is transparency. It tells you exactly how much RAM and CPU you're guaranteed, which most shared hosts refuse to do. That number is what keeps your site standing when traffic actually arrives.
VPS: Where HostPapa Wins
Flip to VPS and the story inverts, which is not what the shared hosting comparison would lead you to expect.
On managed VPS with cPanel, HostPapa's Progress plan is USD 36.95/month for 4 GB RAM, 4 Kerne und 100 GB NVMe. HostArmada's nearest is Web Voyager at USD 35.73 zum 4 GB RAM, 2 Kerne und 80 GB. You pay HostPapa USD 1.22 more and get double the CPU cores Plus 25% more disk. Then there's the refund: HostPapa bietet Ihnen 30 Tage auf VPS, HostArmada bietet Ihnen 7 Tage. That 45-day guarantee HostArmada advertises everywhere? It doesn't apply to VPS at all.
Unmanaged is closer. HostPapa's VPS Lite is USD 2.95 zum 1 GB, 1 Kern und 25 GB. HostArmada launched its self-managed Spark line in October 2025 bei USD 3.69 für dasselbe 1 GB und 1 Ader, aber 40 GB Festplatte. Spark renews at USD 8.20, a 2.22x multiplier that's far gentler than anything on its shared plans.
The rule of thumb writes itself. Unter 25 GB, take Lite. Over it, take Spark, where USD 0.74/month buys you 60% more disk. One caveat on HostPapa's unmanaged tier: you get its own VHI panel instead of cPanel, so budget for the learning curve. And neither of these is the cheapest box on the market. Unser wider VPS comparison has options that undercut both.
Daten Center: 5 vs 9, und der 23 That Don't Exist
HostPapa runs five: Toronto, Los Angeles, Büffel, Miami and Amsterdam. HostArmada runs nine: San Francisco, Dallas, Newark, Montreal, London, Frankfurt, Mumbai, Singapur und Sydney.
Read those lists again and one absence jumps out. HostPapa hat nothing in Asia-Pacific. If your readers sit in Sydney or Mumbai, HostPapa's closest server is Los Angeles. No CDN fixes that round trip for a logged-in user or a checkout call. HostArmada has a local box in both cities. That one fact settles the comparison for a lot of buyers before any pricing debate starts.
Both cover Canada (Toronto for HostPapa, Montreal for HostArmada), and HostPapa markets Toronto specifically for PIPEDA compliance, which matters if you're handling Canadian personal data. Unser Canadian hosting guide goes deeper on residency if that's your constraint. Amsterdam and Frankfurt cover the EU and GDPR for HostPapa and HostArmada respectively.
A correction while we're here: HostArmada's marketing claims "23 Rechenzentren in 5 continents." Its own data center page lists nine cities. We went with nine, and you should treat the 23 the way you'd treat any number a company contradicts on its own website.
Unterstützung, Rückerstattungen, and the HostPapa Investigation
HostArmada's support reputation is the strongest thing it has. Review aggregators put it at 4.8/5 von über 1,000 Bewertungen. The recurring theme is response speed: chat answered in minutes, tickets in well under an hour. It's chat and ticket first, obwohl. No phone.
HostPapa answers the phone. It also still runs a free one-on-one onboarding call with a real person on new accounts. Das ist ungefähr 25 minutes walking you through cPanel and a WordPress install. At USD 2.95/month that's unusual. If you've never set up hosting before, it's worth more to you than any spec sheet. HostPapa's aggregate score is 4.7/5 von fast 3,000 Bewertungen.
Now the part other comparisons leave out. Auf 18 April 2025, the US law firm Wittels McInturff Palikovic opened a pre-filing investigation into HostPapa's billing practices. Three allegations: enrolling customers in auto-renewal without clear consent, raising renewal prices by 100-200%, and throttling accounts for "excessive resource use" before pushing an upgrade.
Let's be precise about what that is. An investigation, not a filed lawsuit. No findings against HostPapa, and none of it is proven.
It does line up with a pattern in HostPapa's own review history, obwohl. The scoring split backs it up: 4.7/5 on the large platforms, so niedrig wie 1.4/5 on consumer complaint sites. A gap that wide usually means happy new customers on one side and billing disputes on the other.
Two more things buried in the fine print. HostPapa's refund window is 30 Tage, but its cancellation terms say a refund can take up to 90 days to be issued. And HostPapa's free domain is non-refundable, so cancelling in month one doesn't get you all your money back. HostArmadas 45 days is the better window, as long as you're not buying VPS, where it collapses to 7.
One Is Buying Companies. The Other Is Being Built.
You're signing a 36-month contract. It's fair to ask who'll be running the company in month 30.
HostPapa has turned into a holding group. It completed its purchase of CloudBlue from Ingram Micro in August 2025. Then it bought Tailor Made Servers on 17 April 2026 and Hostwinds on 29 April 2026. Two acquisitions in twelve days. Add Hostopia and ColoCrossing and HostPapa now sits on top of five brands. That buys real infrastructure. It also fits a pattern the industry has repeated for fifteen years, where roll-ups raise renewal prices and thin out support while they integrate.
HostArmada is the opposite shape. Gegründet 2019, still privately held, still run by the people who started it, no parent group. Kleiner, und das betrifft beide Seiten: fewer resources, but nobody upstream setting a margin target on your renewal.
Four Mistakes Buyers Make With These Two
Every trap below came out of the research for this piece, and each one costs real money.
- Comparing the promo prices. On the entry plans they're a coin flip dressed up as a decision. US Dollar 1.99 und USD 2.95 both end at USD 429.84.
- Buying HostArmada's cheap tier for LiteSpeed. Start Dock and Web Warp run Nginx. LiteSpeed starts at Speed Reaper, and no amount of LSCache tutorials will change that.
- Assuming HostArmada's 45-day guarantee covers everything. On VPS and dedicated CPU it drops to 7 Tage, which is barely enough time to migrate a site and find out.
- Letting HostPapa auto-renew by default. Renewing yearly costs USD 10.99/month against USD 8.99 on another three-year term. Das ist 22% more for not reading the dropdown.
How to Choose Between HostPapa and HostArmada
Budget: lowest three-year outlay. One WordPress site, media library under 15 GB, and you want out cheap. Take HostArmada Start Dock at USD 71.64 zum 36 Monate. HostPapa Essentials costs USD 106.20 for the same one-site limit. If your media has already passed 15 GB, this flips hard. Essentials gives you 25 GB and costs USD 429.84 over six years. The HostArmada plan with more disk than that, Web Warp, kostet USD 710.64. Staying on one site is the only scenario where HostPapa is the cheaper host long-term.
Agentur: six or more client sites. Host Armada Web Warp, 3,29 USD/Monat, Unbegrenzte Websites. HostPapa pushes you to Premium at USD 6.95 for the same thing, welches ist 111% Mehr, Verlängerung bei USD 19.99 against Web Warp's USD 16.45. The only argument for paying HostPapa's premium is storage: 200 GB dagegen 30 GB. Unter 30 GB across all clients, HostArmada wins at both ends of the contract.
Publikum: 60%+ Asien-Pazifik. HostArmada, und es ist nicht nah dran. Mumbai, Singapore and Sydney against HostPapa's nearest option, Los Angeles. Don't route Sydney customers through California to save USD 0.96/month.
Arbeitsbelastung: verwaltetes VPS mit cPanel. Budget USD 35-40/month? HostPapa managed Progress at USD 36.95 gibt dir 4 GB, 4 Kerne und 100 GB. HostArmada's Web Voyager is USD 35.73 for half the cores and 80 GB. Dieser USD 1.22 saving doesn't buy back two CPU cores, and HostPapa's 30-day refund beats HostArmada's 7-day VPS window.
First-timer: never set up hosting. HostPapa, for the free onboarding call and a phone number that a human answers. Accept the renewal jump as the price of hand-holding. Then set a calendar reminder before month 36, and read the auto-renewal terms before you pay.
Arbeitsbelastung: WooCommerce checkout traffic. Neither, Ehrlich. Both are shared hosting with guaranteed-RAM ceilings in single-digit gigabytes. HostArmada Speed Reaper (LiteSpeed, 6 Kerne) is the better of the two. Immer noch, anschauen purpose-built WordPress ecommerce hosting before locking three years into either.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
Is HostArmada cheaper than HostPapa?
On the entry plan, only for the first three years. HostArmada Start Dock costs USD 71.64 zum 36 months against HostPapa Essentials at USD 106.20. Then it reverses, and across two full three-year terms both land on exactly USD 429.84. Above the entry tier there's no contest. HostArmada wins the six-year bill on every plan, saving USD 259.20 on unlimited sites and USD 512.64 at the top tier.
Is HostArmada faster than HostPapa?
Not in the data that counts. Google's CrUX field dataset for May 2026 shows real-user TTFB of 1.70 seconds for both. HostPapa actually holds a slightly higher share of sites in the "gut" Band (52.6% gegen 50.9%). Lab tests on clean single installs favour HostArmada, but those don't reflect what visitors get. Your theme and plugins matter far more than the choice between these two.
Do I have to commit to three years to get the advertised price?
Ja, both of them. USD von HostArmada 1.99 and HostPapa's USD 2.95 both require a 36-month prepay. Kürzere Laufzeiten kosten mehr pro Monat. HostPapa's renewal rate also depends on the term you pick: US Dollar 8.99 on three years, US Dollar 10.99 auf ein Jahr, US Dollar 12.99 monatlich. Budget for the full term, not the monthly figure.
How long does a HostPapa refund take?
Du hast 30 days to cancel, but HostPapa's cancellation terms allow up to 90 days to actually issue the refund. Your free domain isn't refundable either. HostArmada gives you a longer 45-day window on shared hosting, allerdings nur 7 days on VPS and dedicated CPU plans.
Does either one have a data center in Asia or Australia?
Only HostArmada. It runs servers in Mumbai, Singapur und Sydney, alongside San Francisco, Dallas, Newark, Montreal, London und Frankfurt. HostPapa has five locations, alle in Nordamerika und Europa: Toronto, Los Angeles, Büffel, Miami and Amsterdam. For an APAC audience, HostPapa isn't a serious option.
Endgültiges Urteil
HostArmada takes this for shared hosting, and the margin is wider than the six-year tie suggests. Unlimited sites at USD 3.29 gegenüber USD 6.95. Nine data centers against five. Guaranteed RAM and CPU published in writing. A 45-day refund. No parent group with a margin target. Beste für: anyone buying shared hosting who wants more sites, more locations, or an APAC server. Überspringen Sie, wenn: you need a managed VPS, Ich möchte telefonischen Support, or your media library will outgrow 15 GB on the entry tier.
HostPapa is not the loser this comparison looked like it would produce. It wins managed VPS outright: double the cores for USD 1.22 Mehr, and a 30-day refund against 7 Tage. It wins storage at every price point. And it answers the phone, was HostArmada nicht tut, while that free onboarding call is the one feature HostArmada has no answer to.
Beste für: first-time site owners who want a human on the line, and managed VPS buyers around USD 37/month. Canadian buyers who need Toronto for PIPEDA should look here too. Überspringen Sie, wenn: your audience sits in Asia-Pacific, Sie benötigen kostengünstig mehr als eine Website, or the open billing investigation is a dealbreaker. That last one should give you pause. An investigation, obwohl, not a verdict.
The honest summary: the promo price is a coin flip disguised as a decision, and the speed difference doesn't exist. Choose on data center location, site count, and whether you'd rather have a phone number or a bigger refund window.
Still weighing it up? If HostPapa's green record is what drew you in, unser HostPapa vs GreenGeeks comparison tests that claim against a host that shouts about it louder. (HostArmada, for the record, makes no environmental claim at all.) If HostArmada is your front-runner, HostArmada against Hosting.com presses it on the LiteSpeed question it loses here. And if 5x renewals have soured you on both, das full shared hosting comparison covers hosts whose prices don't triple in year four.
